sumber:
1. http://www.cnrt.scsu.edu
2. http://en.wikipedia.org
Mineral adalah senyawa alami yang terbentuk melalui proses geologis. Istilah mineral termasuk tidak hanya bahan komposisi kimia tetapi juga struktur mineral. Mineral termasuk dalam komposisi unsur murni dan garam sederhana sampai silikat yang sangat kompleks dengan ribuan bentuk yang diketahui (senyawaan organik biasanya tidak termasuk)
1. Terminologi




| Location | Date UTC | Magnitude | Lat. | Long. | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Chile | 1960 05 22 | 9.5 | -38.29 | -73.05 | Kanamori, 1977 |
| 2. | Prince William Sound, Alaska | 1964 03 28 | 9.2 | 61.02 | -147.65 | Kanamori, 1977 |
| 3. | Off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra | 2004 12 26 | 9.1 | 3.30 | 95.78 | Park et al., 2005 |
| 4. | Near the East Coast of Honshu, Japan | 2011 03 11 | 9.0 | 38.322 | 142.369 | PDE |
| 5. | Kamchatka | 1952 11 04 | 9.0 | 52.76 | 160.06 | Kanamori, 1977 |
| 6. | Offshore Maule, Chile | 2010 02 27 | 8.8 | -35.846 | -72.719 | PDE |
| 7. | Off the Coast of Ecuador | 1906 01 31 | 8.8 | 1.0 | -81.5 | Kanamori, 1977 |
| 8. | Rat Islands, Alaska | 1965 02 04 | 8.7 | 51.21 | 178.50 | Kanamori, 1977 |
| 9. | Northern Sumatra, Indonesia | 2005 03 28 | 8.6 | 2.08 | 97.01 | PDE |
| 10. | Assam - Tibet | 1950 08 15 | 8.6 | 28.5 | 96.5 | Kanamori, 1977 |
| 11. | Andreanof Islands, Alaska | 1957 03 09 | 8.6 | 51.56 | -175.39 | Johnson et al., 1994 |
| 12. | Southern Sumatra, Indonesia | 2007 09 12 | 8.5 | -4.438 | 101.367 | PDE |
| 13. | Banda Sea, Indonesia | 1938 02 01 | 8.5 | -5.05 | 131.62 | Okal and Reymond, 2003 |
| 14. | Kamchatka | 1923 02 03 | 8.5 | 54.0 | 161.0 | Kanamori, 1988 |
| 15. | Chile-Argentina Border | 1922 11 11 | 8.5 | -28.55 | -70.50 | Kanamori, 1977 |
| 16. | Kuril Islands | 1963 10 13 | 8.5 | 44.9 | 149.6 | Kanamori, 1977 |
| Updated 2011 March 15 | ||||||
| Instrumental Intensity | Acceleration (g) | Velocity (cm/s) | Perceived Shaking | Potential Damage |
| I | < 0.0017 | < 0.1 | Not Felt | None |
| II-III | 0.0017 - 0.014 | 0.1 - 1.1 | Weak | None |
| IV | 0.014 - 0.039 | 1.1 - 3.4 | Light | None |
| V | 0.039 - 0.092 | 3.4 - 8.1 | Moderate | Very light |
| VI | 0.092 - 0.18 | 8.1 - 16 | Strong | Light |
| VII | 0.18 - 0.34 | 16 - 31 | Very Strong | Moderate |
| VIII | 0.34 - 0.65 | 31 - 60 | Severe | Moderate to Heavy |
| IX | 0.65 - 1.24 | 60 - 116 | Violent | Heavy |
| X+ | > 1.24 | > 116 | Extreme | Very Heavy |